本文共 6385 字,大约阅读时间需要 21 分钟。
memcached是一个高性能的分布式内存对象缓存系统,用于动态web应用以减轻数据库负载。它通过在内存中缓存数据和对象来减少读取数据库的次数,从而提高动态、数据库驱动网站的速度。memcached基于一个存储键/值对的hash map。其守护进程(daemon)是用 c 写的,但是客户端可以用任何语言来编写,并通过 memcached 协议与守护进程通信。
OK,简单介绍一下,下面开始部署!
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | 环境: CentOS 6.5 x86_64位 采用最小化安装,系统经过了基本优化 selinux 为关闭状态,iptables 为无限制模式 主机名:nolinux 源码包存放位置: /usr/local/src libevent版本:2.0.21 memcached版本:1.4.20 |
一、基础环境准备
1 | [root@nolinux ~] # yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ |
二、服务部署
1、安装libevent
libevent是个程序库,它将linux的epool、BSD类操作系统的kqueue等事件处理功能封装成统一的接口。即使对服务器的连接数增加,也能发挥出色的性能。
由于 memcached 使用 libevent 这个库负责 Socket 的处理,因此我们在安装 memcached 之前还需要安装libevent。目前,libevent的最新版本是libevent-2.0.21。如果之前你已经安装过libevent,那么这里可以忽略此步骤。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 | [root@nolinux ~] # cd /usr/local/src [root@nolinux src] # wget http://code.taobao.org/p/nolinux/src/memcached/src/libevent-2.0.21-stable.tar.gz?orig [root@nolinux src] # tar zxvf libevent-2.0.21-stable.tar.gz [root@nolinux src] # cd libevent-2.0.21-stable [root@nolinux libevent-2.0.21-stable] # ./configure --prefix=/usr [root@nolinux libevent-2.0.21-stable] # make [root@nolinux libevent-2.0.21-stable] # make install [root@nolinux libevent-2.0.21-stable] # ll /usr/lib/libevent* # libevent安装完后,会在/usr/lib目录下出现如下内容 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 Aug 11 13:49 /usr/lib/libevent-2 .0.so.5 -> libevent-2.0.so.5.1.9 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 968690 Aug 11 13:49 /usr/lib/libevent-2 .0.so.5.1.9 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1571802 Aug 11 13:49 /usr/lib/libevent .a lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 26 Aug 11 13:49 /usr/lib/libevent_core-2 .0.so.5 -> libevent_core-2.0.so.5.1.9 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 585225 Aug 11 13:49 /usr/lib/libevent_core-2 .0.so.5.1.9 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 978482 Aug 11 13:49 /usr/lib/libevent_core .a -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 970 Aug 11 13:49 /usr/lib/libevent_core .la lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 26 Aug 11 13:49 /usr/lib/libevent_core .so -> libevent_core-2.0.so.5.1.9 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 27 Aug 11 13:49 /usr/lib/libevent_extra-2 .0.so.5 -> libevent_extra-2.0.so.5.1.9 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 404852 Aug 11 13:49 /usr/lib/libevent_extra-2 .0.so.5.1.9 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 593392 Aug 11 13:49 /usr/lib/libevent_extra .a -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 977 Aug 11 13:49 /usr/lib/libevent_extra .la lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 27 Aug 11 13:49 /usr/lib/libevent_extra .so -> libevent_extra-2.0.so.5.1.9 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 935 Aug 11 13:49 /usr/lib/libevent .la lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 30 Aug 11 13:49 /usr/lib/libevent_pthreads-2 .0.so.5 -> libevent_pthreads-2.0.so.5.1.9 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 18430 Aug 11 13:49 /usr/lib/libevent_pthreads-2 .0.so.5.1.9 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18670 Aug 11 13:49 /usr/lib/libevent_pthreads .a -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 998 Aug 11 13:49 /usr/lib/libevent_pthreads .la lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 30 Aug 11 13:49 /usr/lib/libevent_pthreads .so -> libevent_pthreads-2.0.so.5.1.9 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 Aug 11 13:49 /usr/lib/libevent .so -> libevent-2.0.so.5.1.9 [root@nolinux libevent-2.0.21-stable] # cd .. |
2、安装memcached
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 | [root@nolinux memcached-1.4.20] # wget http://code.taobao.org/p/nolinux/src/memcached/src/memcached-1.4.20.tar.gz?orig [root@nolinux src] # tar zxvf memcached-1.4.20.tar.gz [root@nolinux src] # cd memcached-1.4.20 [root@nolinux memcached-1.4.20] # ./configure --with-libevent=/usr [root@nolinux memcached-1.4.20] # make [root@nolinux memcached-1.4.20] # make install [root@nolinux memcached-1.4.20] # cd [root@nolinux ~] # ll /usr/local/bin/memcached # 安装完成后会把memcached 放到 /usr/local/bin/memcached -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 341907 Aug 11 13:52 /usr/local/bin/memcached |
注意:
如果中间出现报错,请仔细检查错误信息,按照错误信息来配置或者增加相应的库或者路径
三、启动配置
1、启动Memcached服务
1 2 3 4 | [root@nolinux ~] # /usr/local/bin/memcached -d -m 10 -u root -l 192.168.0.121 -p 11211 -c 256 -P /tmp/memcached.pid [root@nolinux ~] # lsof -i tcp:11211 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE /OFF NODE NAME memcached 11470 root 26u IPv4 19581 0t0 TCP 192.168.0.121:memcache (LISTEN) |
补充:关于memcached启动命令的介绍
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 | -d 启动一个守护(daemon)进程 -m 分配给 memcache 使用的内存数量,单位是MB -u 运行 memcache 的用户 -l 监听的服务器IP地址 -p 设置 memcache 监听的端口,端口最好大于1024 -c 设置 memcache 最大运行的并发连接数,默认是1024 -P 设置保存 memcache 的pid文件地址 设置pid文件的好处在于方便结束 memcache 进程 如果存在pid文件,那么我们就可以通过如下命令快速结束 memcached 进程 |
1 | [root@nolinux ~] # kill `cat /tmp/memcached.pid` |
2、配置memcached开机自启
1 2 3 4 5 | [root@nolinux ~] # echo "# memcached service daemon by sun 201408022" >>/etc/rc.local [root@nolinux ~] # echo "/usr/local/bin/memcached -d -m 10 -u root -l 192.168.0.121 -p 11211 -c 256 -P /tmp/memcached.pid" >> /etc/rc.local [root@nolinux ~] # tail -2 /etc/rc.local # memcached service daemon by sun 201408022 /usr/local/bin/memcached -d -m 10 -u root -l 192.168.0.121 -p 11211 -c 256 -P /tmp/memcached .pid |
四、服务测试
1、连接测试
1 2 3 4 5 6 | [root@nolinux src] # telnet 192.168.0.121 11211 Trying 192.168.0.121... Connected to 192.168.0.121. Escape character is '^]' . # 出现该提示就表示连接成功 quit # 输入quit退出当前连接 Connection closed by foreign host. |
2、插入键值测试
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 | [root@nolinux ~] # telnet 192.168.0.121 11211 Trying 192.168.0.121... Connected to 192.168.0.121. Escape character is '^]' . set key1 0 0 7 nolinux STORED set key2 0 0 6 sunsky STORED quit Connection closed by foreign host. [root@nolinux ~] # telnet 192.168.0.121 11211 Trying 192.168.0.121... Connected to 192.168.0.121. Escape character is '^]' . get key1 VALUE key1 0 7 nolinux END get key2 VALUE key2 0 6 sunsky END quit Connection closed by foreign host. |
OK!我们的memcached已经安装成功了!
重点:memcached单实例/多实例
关于memcached的单实例和多实例,我们不需要像mysql一样配置那么麻烦,我们只需要再执行memcached的启动命令启动就可以再打开多个memcahed实例了。不过需要注意的是,一定不能让它们的端口相同!切记!
下面是memcached单机多实例的启动实例:
1 2 3 4 5 6 | [root@nolinux ~] # /usr/local/bin/memcached -d -m 10 -u root -l 192.168.0.121 -p 11211 -c 256 -P /tmp/memcached.pid [root@nolinux ~] # /usr/local/bin/memcached -d -m 10 -u root -l 192.168.0.121 -p 11212 -c 256 -P /tmp/memcached.pid [root@nolinux ~] # ps -ef |grep memcached root 11880 1 0 14:14 ? 00:00:00 /usr/local/bin/memcached -d -m 10 -u root -l 192.168.0.121 -p 11211 -c 256 -P /tmp/memcached .pid root 11944 1 0 14:32 ? 00:00:00 /usr/local/bin/memcached -d -m 10 -u root -l 192.168.0.121 -p 11212 -c 256 -P /tmp/memcached .pid root 11951 2175 0 14:32 pts /0 00:00:00 grep memcached |
OK,从操作结果可以看出,memcached的单机多实例已经OK!
本篇博文就到这里,关于 memcached 命令行的操作,我将放到下一篇博文进行分享。
希望能对大家有所帮助!